海外研習
我的人力資源管理報告--不平等的待遇
大學部 / 陳胤樺
  剛開學的時候,我選了很多課,也陸陸續續地加了又退了許多課!這邊的課程和台灣很不一樣!一門課通常一週會分成兩到三次上,課程也非常緊湊,整體上每門課的loading比台灣重蠻多的!但是,開給大一大二的課程都是百人以上的大班制(最高有三百人喔!)我覺得這樣的課比較無趣,所以就把課退掉了!後來還有上過一門「抽樣技巧」,這門課十分的特別,是統計的進階課程,跟其他的課非常的不同的是,一般課裡面幾乎都是西方人,但是這堂課,教授是加拿大人,九個同學裡面七個是大陸人!後來我才發現,在數理比重高的課程,就可看到很多華人!這邊的大陸人的政治思想不會太濃厚,也蠻照顧我的,一改過去我對大陸人的印象!由於為了適應環境,及安排許多活動(因為有些交換學生只會在這邊待一學期,所以這學期大家傾向於到處遊覽),本學期我只有修兩門課:企業英文、人力資源管理,共計九學分,我的企業英文課需要做一個小型的presentation,我把人力資源管理課的一個議題:不平等待遇,撰寫成一份15分鐘的講稿,和我目前的同學,以及資管系的同學、學弟妹們分享,希望大家可以從我這篇簡短的講稿中,大致瞭解這兩門課的情形。

  這篇講稿的內容蠻簡單的,用字也很淺,因為班上的同學大多來自日本、韓國、印尼,為了讓大家都瞭解,盡量使用最淺顯的字彙!我將內容大致以中文敘述一下!

Good morning, everyone! Thank you for your coming to listen to my short presentation. (Well, actually, you guys have no other choices. You are forced to come) Today, I want to introduce you some human resources issues in Canada. My topic is about discrimination. What is discrimination? It means unfair treatments. For example, a black family wanted to rent an apartment, but the landlord told them this apartment had already been rented; however, an hour after, a white family come to the apartment, the landlord said they could rent it. Also, two applicants, one white and one black, applying for the same job, the black had higher educational degree and more experiences; however, the boss hired the white. Discrimination may not be so familiar to us Asian students. We don't have so much diversity in our country. Even though there is still some discrimination in our country, such as against disabilities and Aboriginals, we don't feel it's our business. It sounds no relationship to us. However, discrimination is a very important issue here, in Canada and maybe even more important in the US. And it may have some relationship with you, if you plan to work in Canada.
大家好,今天我想和大家介紹一下加拿大人力資源管理的重要議題:不平等待遇!什麼是不平等待遇呢?舉例來說:當一個黑人家庭要去租房子,房東告訴他,這個房子已經租出去了,但是,當另外一白人家庭來租房子時,房東就把房子租給他們;或是,一個白人和一個黑人應徵同一個職位,黑人有較高的學歷及經驗,但是雇主雇用白人。這個議題對大家來說可能十分陌生,因為對於我們亞洲人來說,在我們的國家裡這項議題跟我們並沒有迫切相關。但是,若您考慮將來在加拿大工作,如何處理不平等待遇對您非常的重要!

First of all, I generally separate all people in two groups: majorities, minorities.
Does anyone know who are minorities in Canada?
It includes:
n Religion: Jewish, Sikhs
n Race/ethnicity : Asians, Africans, South Americans
n Visible minorities: non-Europeans
n Sex: sexual orientation - gays, lesbians
n Women: usually hit a glass ceiling when they aspire to promotion
n Age
n People with disabilities
n Aboriginals: the first nations
Majorities means "White Male."
首先,我將工作人口分成兩群,第一群為多數族群,其他為少數族群。多數族群為白種男性,而加拿大的少數族群包括少數民族、信奉少數宗教者、非歐裔人種、女性、中年轉業者、殘障者、原住民……。

Now, we know who are the minorities. How can minorities protect themselves? How do Canadians prevent such discrimination? In Canada, they have set some anti-discrimination laws since the 60's. However, the effectiveness of anti-discrimination laws weren't good enough at first. And it becomes more and more strict nowadays.

加拿大從六0年代起就立了一些反不平等待遇的法令。然而,在一開始的時候,這些法令並不具有強大的效力。

In the 60's: Intent & Motivation
Companies could be found guilty when they had intention or motivation to discriminate. Intentional discrimination means that deliberate use of race, religion or other prohibited criteria in employment decision. However, it was often difficult to identify. Even those employers who deliberately apply such criteria are unlikely to declare the fact publicly.
在六0年代,若公司有具體歧視的意圖及行動才會被宣告有罪。

In the 70's: Systematic Discrimination (系統性歧視)
Companies could still be found guilty without any intention or motivation if they set some policy that might against some groups of people. Let me take some examples:
1. Making employees to work on Saturdays is against Jewish people. Because Jewish people can't work on Saturdays.
2. Asking all salesmen working at Saturday night is against those saleswomen who have children.
在七0年代,公司沒有具體歧視的意圖及行動亦可以被宣告有罪。公司如果有任何政策會歧視到某個群體就可能會被起訴。舉例來說,要求員工在週六工作會歧視猶太人,因為猶太教義中規範猶太人在週六不可勞動;要求所有的銷售員星期六晚上加班,是歧視有小孩的女性。


In the 80's: 4/5 rule
For any test, the success rate of minorities should be at least 80% of the success rate of majorities.

在八0年代,任何徵才的活動中,任何一階段的錄取率,弱勢族群至少要達到80%的多數族群的錄取率。否則公司會被宣告歧視。

Let me take an example:
A company had 16 openings and wanted to fill the vacancies with 10 blacks and 6 whites. They held an IQ test first and knocked some people out first. People who scored 60 (out of 100) or higher were then given an interview by the managers.

Test Scores Black applicants White Applicants
Number scoring 60 or higher 25 74
Number scoring lower than 60 26 29
Total 51 103

How many people think it is discrimination?
How many people don't think it is discrimination?

(wait a minute)
Well, let do some simple calculation, the success rate of White Applicants is 74 divide by 103, which is 72%. The success rate of Black Applicants is 25 divide by 51, which is 49%. 72% times 80% is 57.6%. 49% is lower than 57.6%. So, the company would be found guilty of discrimination.

Nowadays, some white male claimed they get reverse discrimination. On the recruitment message, you can often find some words like "Women or minorities are particularly encouraged to apply." Especially, it's very hard for a white male to find a job in government now. Do you think it's reasonable? Is it fair to white male?

目前,有許多白種男性認為他們受到「反不平等待遇」,他們認為政府太過保護弱勢族群以致於他們的權益受損。在加拿大的徵才廣告受,常會註明:「歡迎女性及弱勢族群來應徵」。究竟這些反不平等待遇的法律是否真正使加拿大社會達到平等的環境呢?

In conclusion, may I thank you all for being so patience to listen to my speech. Also, if you have any questions, please don't hesitate to ask. Are there any questions?



這是我的地址及聯絡方式,和一些我照的照片,希望您們會喜歡!
My address is:
Yinghua(Carol) Chen
McGill Residences, SB 202
University of Victoria Residence
P.O. Box 2100
Victoria, B.C.
V8w3A4

My email: yinghua@uvic.ca
My pictures: http://tw.photos.yahoo.com/midoliko/

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